The outer layer of skin forms a protective barrier for the other layers of skin and the tissues underneath. As we age, the skin can lose some of its moisture content, causing patches of rough, dry skin. The name for this condition is xerosis. In more severe cases, the skin can become red, inflamed and itchy. This is dermatitis.

Cold temperatures increase the risk for dry skin because colder air holds less humidity. In addition, heated indoor air typically has low humidity levels. The cold temperatures, wind and heated indoor air pull or evaporate moisture from the skin, increasing levels of dryness.

Fending Off “Winter Skin”

While we can’t change the temperature or climate, there are some things that can be done to keep skin healthy and reduce the risk of skin drying. Dermatologist, Susan Taylor, M.D., has some tips: Limit the time spent in a shower or bath. Long baths and showers wash away the protective fats in the skin. Experts recommend no more than five to ten minutes in the shower or bath.

Bathe with warm water. Hot water washes away skin fats more readily than warm water. The heat from the water also promotes evaporation of moisture from the skin.

Use mild soaps or cleansers. Some soaps are very harsh and abrasive and can damage the protective outer layer that holds in moisture. Skin toners and astringents also dry out the skin.

Avoid vigorous towel drying. This can also remove the protective barrier. Instead, pat dry the skin.

Use moisturizers. Moisturizers don’t add water to the skin. Instead, they help seal in moisture. Apply a layer of moisturizer after towel drying. Taylor also recommends using a moisturizer before going to bed. For very dry hands or feet, put on gloves or socks to add another layer of protection for the skin. Most people need a heavier moisturizer during the winter and a lighter one for the summer.

Don’t forget the lips. Many people get dry, chapped lips during the colder months. The symptoms are often caused by licking the lips. When the moisture from the saliva evaporates, the lips feel even drier. A layer of plain petroleum jelly works well to keep the lips moist. Be aware that some flavored lip balms contain ingredients that can be irritating for some people and promote lip dryness and cracking. Long-wear lipsticks can also cause irritation.

Use a humidifier. Humidifiers increase the level of humidity in the air. They are especially important in homes with hot air furnaces, which tend to dry out the air. Pans of water placed throughout a room will also add some humidity.

Use sunscreen. Even though people spend more time inside during the colder months, sun protection is still important. The sun’s rays can damage the skin any time of the year.

Hydrate. Skin is nourished by blood. If we don’t drink enough fluids, blood volume decreases. Water is the best hydrator. Alcohol and caffeine promote fluid loss.

Cover up outdoors. The wind and cold air promote skin drying. Cover as much exposed skin as possible. Wear gloves, a scarf around the neck and a hat on the head.

For general information on skin care:

American Academy of Dermatology